Everything about John Ii Of Amalfi totally explained
John II was the
duke of Amalfi from
1029 to
1069 with multiple interruptions. He was the son of
Sergius II and
Maria, sister of
Pandulf IV of Capua. He was the last significant duke of Amalfi before the
Norman conquest of
1073.
In
1014, he was named as co-regent and successor to his father. In
1028, he and his father fled to
Constantinople while Maria and her younger son,
Manso II, John's brother, usurped power at the instigation of her brother Pandulf. In 1029, John, but not Sergius, returned and reasserted his authority, deposing his mother and brother.
In
1031, John named his son
Sergius III co-regent and successor and he received the title of
patricius from the
Byzantine emperor, as his father had in
1010. In April or May
1034, John was forced to flee
Amalfi again, this time because Pandulf had conquered
Gaeta (
1032) and was threatening the remaining coastal cities, including
Naples, to which John fled, for Duke
Sergius IV of Naples was likewise sheltering the deposed
John V of Gaeta. Pandulf married off John's sister to
Ranulf Drengot, the Norman mercenary who had recently been widowered by the duke of Naples' sister. Thus, Pandulf used his niece and his sister to seize power in Amalfi and draw his Norman supporters away from Sergius of Naples.
In
1038, the
Holy Roman Emperor Conrad II deposed Pandulf and John was able to return to Amalfi. He blinded his brother Manso and exiled him to the island of
Sirene, while reconciling with his mother, whom he allowed to co-reign. In April
1039, threatened by
Guaimar IV of Salerno, he fled with his son to Greece. He worked for his own restitution and fomented a rebellion that expelled his brother from Amalfi in April
1052. The Amalfitans refused to pay their taxes and war broke out. Guaimar was assassinated in June at the Amalfitans' instigation and John could return to his duchy in October. He again exiled his brother Manso and Manso's son
Guaimar, who had been ruling under Salernitan tutelage. During his stay in Constantinople, he was granted the Byzantine titles of
anthypatus and
vestis.
By stirring up rebellion in Amalfi and Salerno against Guaimar, he earned the wrath of Guaimar's son and successor,
Gisulf II. He had to deal with Gisulf's mistreatment of Amalfitan traders and constant warmaking. Eventually, the two made peace. In
1055, John promulgated a
charta iudicii, the only one of its kind in the history of Amalfi. The rest of his reign was peacefully uneventful. He died in 1069 and was succeeded by his son Sergius.
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